DETAILED CONTENTS

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• Introduction/Home

UNIT ONE : BACKGROUND SCIENCE

Physics Introduction Motion, Forces, Work and Energy Fluids, Vibrations and Waves Temperature, Heat and Thermodynamics Electricity, Magnetism and Light Relativity, Quantum Mechanics and Elementary Particles Chemistry Introduction Elements and Compounds Atoms Molecules and Bonding Water and pH Organic Chemistry Astronomy Introduction "Geography" of the Universe Cosmology Exobiology/Astrobiology Geology Introduction Geography of the Earth Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Minerals Rocks Soils Fossil Formation Determining the Age of Rocks History of the Earth

UNIT TWO : CELLS AND SYSTEMS

Cell Structure Introduction Macromolecules (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids) Universal Structures Membrane-Bound Organelles and Cell Coverings Cytoskeleton Molecular Biology Introduction Metabolism Enzymes Cell Communication (Neurotransmitters, etc.) Hormones and Pheromones Photosynthesis and Respiration Introduction Photosynthesis Other Types of Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis Respiration

UNIT THREE : GENETICS

Molecular Genetics Introduction Structure of DNA Replication of DNA Transcription Translation Mutations Genetics and Development Mitosis and Meiosis Introduction Mitosis Meiosis Mendelian Genetics Introduction Genotype and Phenotype Dominant and Recessive Traits

UNIT FOUR : ECOLOGY

Populations Species Concepts Population Growth Models Population Genetics Communities Species Interactions Succession Biogeography Ecosystems Food Webs and Energy Flow Biogeochemical Cycles

UNIT FIVE : EVOLUTION

Evidence of Evolution Introduction Radiometric and Astronomical Dating Fossils Biogeography Homologous Structures Vestigial Organs Developmental Similarities Molecular Evidence The Theory and Process of Evolution Introduction Causes of Variation Artificial Selection Natural Selection Speciation Micro- vs. Macro-Evolution Other Theories

UNIT SIX : BIODIVERSITY

Classification Systems - (viruses mentioned) - Biodiversity List/Contents | Graphical Tree Classification Criteria Phylogeny NCBI Database Viruses Prokaryotes - Archaea and Bacteria Description Classification Bacteria Cyanobacteria Proteobacteria Gram-Positive Bacteria Archaea Eukaryota Description Classification Amoebae Flagellates Alveolata Algae (including Rhodophyta) stramenopiles Fungi/Metazoa Group Viridiplantae - Green Algae, Stoneworts, Zygnemophyta Description Classification Chlorophyta - Green Algae Streptophyta - Stoneworts, Desmids, etc. Embryophyta Description Classification Anthocerotophyta - Hornworts Marchantiophyta - Liverworts Bryophyta - Mosses Tracheophyta Description Classification Lycopodiophyta - Club Mosses, Spike Mosses, Quillworts Equisetophyta - Horsetails Psilotophyta - Whisk Ferns Filicophyta - Ferns Spermatophyta Description Classification Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo biloba Gnetophyta - Joint Firs Cycadophyta - Cycads Coniferophyta - Conifers Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants Description Classification Basal Lineages Liliopsida Eudicots asterids rosids Fungi - Molds, Chytrids, Sac Fungi, Club Fungi Description Classification Microfungi Ascomycota Basidiomycota - Mushrooms, Puffballs, etc. Lichens Metazoa Description Classification Myxozoa and Placozoa Mesozoa Porifera - Sponges Eumetazoa Description Classification Cnidaria - Corals, Jellyfish Ctenophora - Comb Jellies Bilateria Description Classification Acoelomata - Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) Pseudocoelomata - Roundworms, Rotifers, etc. Coelomata Description Classification Miscellaneous Coelomates - Lampshells, Bryozoans, Spoonworms, Ribbon Worms Annelida - Segmented Worms Mollusca - Clams, Octopi, Snails Panarthropoda - Velvet Worms, Tardigrades Arthropoda Description Classification Chelicerata - Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks, Horseshoe Crabs Mandibulata - Centipedes, Millipedes Pancrustacea - Crustaceans Hexapoda - Springtails Insecta - Insects Description Classification Archaeognatha & Thysanura - Bristletails, Silverfish, Firebrats Pterygota - Dragonflies, Damselflies, Mayflies Neoptera - Stoneflies, Web Spinners Orthopteroidea - Walking Sticks, Mantids, Cockroaches, Termites, Earwigs Orthoptera - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Katydids Paraneoptera - Lice, Cicadas, Aphids, True Bugs Endopterygota - Ant Lions, Fleas, Scorpionflies, Dobsonflies Diptera - Flies, Mosquitos Hymenoptera - Ants, Bees, Wasps Amphiesmenoptera - Butterflies, Moths, Caddisflies Coleoptera - Beetles Deuterostomia Description Classification Chaetognatha - Arrow Worms Echinodermata - Starfishes, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers Hemichordata - Acorn Worms Chordata Description Classification Urochordata - Tunicates Cephalochordata - Lancelets Craniata - Hagfishes Vertebrata Description Classification Petromyzontiformes - Lampreys Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous Fishes (Sharks, Rays) Teleostomi - Ray-Finned Fishes, Coelacanths, Lungfishes Description Classification Actinopterygii - Bichirs, Sturgeons Neopterygii - Bowfins, Gars Teleostei - Catfishes, Eels, Others Euteleostei - Salmons, Pikes Neoteleostei - Lightfishes, Green Eyes, Lanternfishes Acanthomorpha - Cods, Anglerfishes, Toadfishes, Opahs Acanthopterygii - Dories, Roughies, Whalefishes Percomorpha - Perches, Angelfishes, Flounders, Puffers Smegmamorpha - Mullets, Flying Fishes, Rainbowfishes, Livebearers Sarcopterygii - Coelocanths, Lungfishes, Tetrapods Tetrapoda - Amphibians Description Classification Gymnophiona - Caecilians Caudata - Salamanders, Newts Anura - Frogs, Toads Sauropsida, , Lizards, Snakes, Crocodiles Description Classification Testudines - Turtles Lepidosauria - Beaked Reptiles, Iguanas, Anoles, Chameleons Scleroglossa - Lizards, Geckos, Skinks Serpentes - Snakes Crocodylidae - Crocodiles, Alligators, Caimen Aves - Birds Description Classification Palaeognathae Neognathae I Neognathae II Neognathae III Neognathae IV Neognathae V Falconiformes and Strigiformes Passeriformes Mammalia - Mammals Description Classification Monotremata Metatheria Edentata and Pholidota Macroscelidea, Rodentia, Lagomorpha and Insectivora Tubulidentata, Perissodactyla, Hyracoidea, Proboscidea and Sirenia Cetartiodactyla Carnivora Chiroptera and Dermoptera Primates and Scandentia Hominidae

UNIT SEVEN : ENVIRONMENTAL DIVERSITY

Western/Coniferous Forests Introduction Ponderosa Pine Lodgepole Pine Douglas Fir Hemlock/Sitka Spruce (Temperate Rainforest) Redwood Hardwoods Larch White Pine Fir/Spruce Piñyon/Juniper Chaparral Taiga (Northern Forests) Eastern/Deciduous Forests Introduction Spruce/Fir Aspen/Birch White/Red/Jack Pine Maple/Beech/Birch Elm/Ash/Cottonwood Oak/Hickory Oak/Pine Loblolly/Shortleaf Pine Longleaf/Slash Pine Oak/Gum/Cypress Tropical Forests Introduction South American African Asian/Indo-Pacific Hawaiian Deserts Introduction North American Deserts Great Basin Mojave Sonoran Chihuahuan World Deserts Polar Environments Introduction North Pole South Pole Tundra Introduction Arctic Alpine Grasslands Introduction Tallgrass Prairie Mixed Grass Prairie Shortgrass Steppe Wetlands Introduction Grassy Wooded Freshwater Introduction Rivers and Riparian Systems Ponds and Lakes Estuaries Marine Environments Introduction Coral Reefs Kelp Forests Open Ocean Deep Ocean Extreme Environments Introduction High Temperature Environments Highly Saline Environments Extreme pH Environments Caves/Total Darkness Environments

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