Lion  38-IX
MAMMALIA
Carnivora
 
 
Male Lion (Panthera leo)



Chapter Outline
  1. Description of Mammalia
  2. Classification of Mammalia
  3. Prototheria
  4. Metatheria
  5. Eutheria
  6. Afrotheria
  7. Laurasiatheria
  8. Artiodactyla
  9. Carnivora
  10. Euarchontoglires
  11. Primates
  12. Hominidae

Tree
NCBI Tree | Paleo Tree



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Carnivores are split into two classifications: Feliformia, more cat-like, and Caniformia, more dog-like. This is a large enough, and popular enough, group that it will be explored to the subfamily, or even genus, level.

  • Xenarthra [38-V]
  • Afrotheria [38-VI]
  • Boreoeutheria
    • Laurasiatheria
      • Perissodactyla - Horses, Tapirs, Rhinoceroses [38-VII]
      • Insectivora - Hedgehogs, Shrews, Moles [38-VII]
      • Pholidota - Pangolins [38-VII]
      • Chiroptera - Bats [38-VII]
      • Artiodactyla [38-VIII]
      • Carnivora
        • Caniformia
        • Feliformia
    • Euarchontoglires [38-X]
CANIFORMIA TRIP 1

The suborder Caniformia includes the more dog-like carnivores.

  • FAMILY AILURIDAE
    The Red Panda is the only species in this family. It is found in the Himalayas and parts of China.
    • Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) - 6 (SCZ and KC Zoos), Tulsa Zoo
  • FAMILY CANIDAE - DOGS
    As of 2024, 10 species of Canidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US (including domestic dogs) and 39 throughout the world.
    • Coyote (Canis latrans) - Perry Lake, KS, Mojave County, AZ, OKC Zoo, widespread
    • Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) - 1 (Yellowstone), 8 (Voyageurs), 6 (SCZ)
    • Dingo (Canis lupus dingo) - 6 (KC Zoo)
    • Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) - 6 (SCZ)
    • Dhole (Cuon alpinus)
    • Crab-Eating Fox (Dusicyon thous)
    • South American Foxes (Lycalopex)
    • African Painting Dog (Lycaon pictus) - 6 (SCZ), 9 (ABQ Biopark)
    • Tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides) - OKC Zoo
    • Bat-Eared Fox (Otocyon megalotis) - 6 (KC and Omaha Zoos)
    • Bush Dog (Speothos venaticus)
    • Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
    • Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis) - Channel Islands, CA (only)
    • Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) - 11 (Bering Land Bridge, ANWR), Tulsa Zoo
    • Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) - 6 (Omaha Zoo)
    • Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) - Perry Lake, KS, widespread
    • Fennec Fox (Vulpes zerda) - 6 (KC Zoo)
  • FAMILY MEPHITIDAE - SKUNKS - TRIP 9 
    As of 2024, 5 species of Mephitidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 11 throughout the world.
    • Hog-Nosed Skunks (Conepatus spp.)
    • Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) - Nambe Lake, NM
    • Stink Badgers (Mydaus spp.)
    • Eastern Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius)
  • FAMILY MUSTELIDAE - WEASELS
    As of 2024, 15 species of Mustelidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 64 throughout the world.
    • SUBFAMILY GALICTINAE
      • Polecats (4 Genera)
    • SUBFAMILY GULONINAE
      • Tayra (Eira barbara)
      • Wolverine (Gulo gulo)
      • Martens (Martes spp.)
    • SUBFAMILY HELICTIDINAE
      • Ferret-Badgers (Melogale spp.)
    • SUBFAMILY LUTRINAE
      • Asian Small-Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea) - 6 (Omaha Zoo)
      • Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) - 6 (KC Zoo), 7 (Monterey Bay Aquarium), 8 (Shedd)
      • Spotted-Neck Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis) - 6 (Omaha Zoo)
      • Northern American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) - 6 (SCZ, KC and Omaha Zoos), Yellowstone, Adirondacks - NOAH
    • SUBFAMILY MELINAE
      • Asian Badgers (Meles spp.)
    • SUBFAMILY MELLIVORINAE
      • Ratel (Mellivora capensis)
    • SUBFAMILY MUSTELINAE
      • Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes) - Prairie Park Nature Center, KS
      • American Mink (Neogale vison)
    • SUBFAMILY TAXIDIINAE
      • American Badger (Taxidea taxus) - 6 (Omaha Zoo)
  • FAMILY ODOBENIDAE - TRIP 11 
    The Walrus is the only species in this family. It can be experienced in western Alaska.
    • Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)
  • FAMILY OTARIIDAE - SEA LIONS AND FUR SEALS - TRIP 7 
    As of 2024, 4 species of Otariidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 15 throughout the world.
    • Fur Seals (Arctocephalus spp.)
    • Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus)
    • Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus)
    • Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea)
    • South American Sea Lion (Otaria byronia)
    • Hooker's Sea Lion (Phocarctos hookeri)
    • California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) - 7 (Monterey Bay), 6 (KC, St. Louis and Omaha Zoos), 8 (Shedd)
  • FAMILY PHOCIDAE - TRUE SEALS - TRIP 7 
    As of 2024, 10 species of Phocidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 18 throughout the world.
    • Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata)
    • Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus)
    • Gray Seal (Halichoerus grypus) - 3 (Gulf of Maine), Louisville Zoo
    • Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)
    • Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)
    • Crabeater Seal (Lobodon carcinophaga)
    • Elephant Seals (Mirounga) - Monterey Bay
    • Monk Seals (Monachus)
    • Ross'Seal (Ommatophoca rossii)
    • Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) - 7 (Monterey Bay), 3 (Gulf of Maine), 6 (St. Louis Zoo)
    • Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida)
  • FAMILY PROCYONIDAE - RACCOONS AND COATIS - TRIP 9 
    As of 2024, 3 species of Procyonidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 13 throughout the world.
    • Olingos (Bassaricyon spp.)
    • Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) - 9 (Cave Creek Canyon, Saguaro NP), 6 (Omaha Zoo), OKC Zoo
    • Cacomistle (Bassariscus sumichrasti)
    • White-Nosed Coati (Nasua narica) - 9 (Cave Creek Canyon, Saguaro NP), 6 (Omaha Zoo)
    • Mountain Coatis (Nasuella spp.)
    • Kinkajou (Potos flavus) - San Diego Zoo
    • Raccoon (Procyon lotor) - 9 (Cave Creek Canyon, Saguaro NP), 3 (Adirondacks), Perry Lake, KS
  • FAMILY URSIDAE - BEARS - TRIP 11 
    As of 2024, 3 species of Ursidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 8 throughout the world.
    • Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) - 10 (National Zoo)
    • Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) - 6 (Omaha Zoo)
    • Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) - 7 (San Diego Zoo), 10 (National Zoo)
    • Spectacled Bear (Tremarctos ornatus) - 6 (SCZ)
    • Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) - 1 (Yellowstone), 11 (Katmai), 6 (Denver, SCZ and St. Louis Zoos)
    • Black Bear (Ursus americanus) - 11 (Glacier Bay), 3 (Adirondacks), 6 (SCZ), undeveloped forests throughout the U.S.
    • Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) - 11 (ANWR), 6 (KC Zoo), 9 (ABQ Biopark)
    • Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus)

    • Giant Short-Faced Bear (Arctodus simus) [Extinct]
Resources:
FELIFORMIA TRIP 1

The suborder Feliformia includes the more cat-like carnivores. All of the species of this suborder that are native to the US are from a single subfamily containing the small cats that purr: Felinae in the family Felidae.

  • FAMILY EUPLERIDAE
    As of 2024, 0 species of Eupleridae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 7 throughout the world.
    • SUBFAMILY EUPLERINAE
      • Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) - NOAH
      • Falanouc (Eupleres goudotii)
      • Malagasy Civet (Fossa fossana)
    • SUBFAMILY GALIDIINAE
      • Ring-Tailed Mongoose (Galidia elegans) - (Madagascar)
      • Madagascar Banded Mongoose (Galidictis fasciata) - (Madagascar)
      • Narrow-Striped Mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata) - (Madagascar)
      • Brown-Tailed Mongoose (Salanoia concolor) - (Madagascar)
  • FAMILY FELIDAE - CATS
    As of 2024, 6 species of Felidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US (including domestic cats) and 48 throughout the world.
    • SUBFAMILY ACINONYCHINAE
      • Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) - 6 (KC Zoo), 9 (ABQ Biopark)
    • SUBFAMILY FELINAE
      • Caracal (Caracal caracal) - 6 (SCZ and KC Zoo), OKC Zoo
      • Sand Cat (Felis margarita) - 6 (KC Zoo)
      • Wild Cat (Felis silvestris)
      • Jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi)
      • Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) - 6 (Omaha Zoo), 9 (ABQ Biopark), Southern tip of Texas
      • Serval (Leptailurus serval) - 6 (KC Zoo), 9 (ABQ Biopark), OKC Zoo
      • Bobcat (Lynx rufus) - 6 (KC Zoo), 9 (Red River, NM, ABQ Biopark)
      • Canadian Lynx (Lynx canadensis)
      • Andean Cat (Oreailurus jacobita)
      • Pallas's Cat (Otocolobus manul)
      • Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) - 6 (Omaha and Denver Zoos), OKC Zoo
      • African Golden Cat (Profelis aurata)
      • Mountain Lion/Puma/Cougar (Puma concolor) - 6 (SCZ), 9 (ABQ Biopark), OKC Zoo, Western United States
    • SUBFAMILY PANTHERINAE
      • Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) - 6 (Omaha and Denver Zoos), OKC Zoo
      • Lion (Panthera leo) - 6 (SCZ and KC Zoos), 9 (ABQ Biopark)
      • Jaguar (Panthera onca) - 6 (SCZ), OKC Zoo
      • Leopard (Panthera pardus) - 6 (SCZ and St. Louis Zoos)
      • Tiger (Panthera tigris) - 6 (SCZ and KC Zoos), OKC Zoo
      • Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) - 6 (SCZ), 9 (ABQ Biopark), Tulsa Zoo
  • FAMILY HERPESTIDAE - MONGOOSES
    As of 2024, one introduced species of Herpestidae has been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 32 throughout the world.
    • Marsh Mongoose (Atilax paludinosus)
    • Black-Legged Mongooses (Bdeogale spp.) - (Africa)
    • Cusimanse (Crossarchus spp.) - (Africa)
    • Yellow Mongoose (Cynictis penicillata)
    • Mongooses (Galerella) - (Africa)
    • Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale parvula) - 6 (Omaha Zoo)
    • Mongooses (Herpestes spp.)
    • White-Tailed Mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda)
    • Liberian Mongoose (Liberiictis kuhni)
    • Banded Mongoose (Mungos mungo)
    • Selous's Mongoose (Paracynictis selousi)
    • Meller's Mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri)
    • Meerkat (Suricata suricatta) - 6 (SCZ, Omaha and KC Zoos) - NOAH
    • Small Indian Mongoose (Urva auropunctata) - only iNat observations in the US for Herpestidae. Introduced in Hawaii.
  • FAMILY HYAENIDAE
    As of 2024, 0 species of Hyaenidae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 5 throughout the world.
    • Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) - 6 (St. Louis Zoo), 9 (ABQ Biopark)
    • Striped Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) - (San Diego Zoo)
    • Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea)
    • Aardwolf (Proteles cristata) - (Africa)
  • FAMILY NANDINIIDAE - PALM-CIVETS
    The African Palm-Civet is the only species in Nandiniidae. It is found in Tropical Africa.
    • African Palm Civet (Nandinia binotata)
  • FAMILY VIVERRIDAE - CIVETS
    As of 2024, 0 species of Viverridae have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 27 throughout the world.
    • SUBFAMILY HEMIGALINAE
      • Owston's Palm Civet (Chrotogale owstoni)
      • Otter Civet (Cynogale bennettii)
      • Banded Palm Civet (Hemigalus derbyanus)
    • SUBFAMILY PARADOXURINAE
      • Binturong (Arctictis binturong) - 6 (KC Zoo), 9 (ABQ Biopark), Tulsa Zoo
      • Small-Toothed Palm Civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata)
      • Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata)
      • Palm Civets (Paradoxurus spp.)
    • SUBFAMILY PRIONODONTINAE
      • Linsangs (Prionodon spp.)
    • SUBFAMILY VIVERRINAE
      • African Civet (Civettictis civetta)
      • Small-Spotted Genet (Genetta genetta) - NOAH - 6 (Omaha Zoo)
      • Aquatic Genet (Osbornictis piscivora) - (Congo)
      • African Linsang (Poiana richardsonii)
      • Civets (Viverra spp.)
      • Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica)
Resources:
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