Pansies   23-XIII
MAGNOLIOPHYTA
eurosids 1
 
 
Pansies (Viola sp.) are in the order Malpighiales.



Chapter Outline
  1. Description of Magnoliophyta
  2. Classification of Magnoliophyta
  3. Basal Magnoliophyta
  4. magnoliids
  5. Liliopsida
  6. commelinids
  7. eudicotyledons
  8. core eudicotyledons
  9. asterids
  10. lamiids
  11. campanulids
  12. rosids
  13. fabids
  14. malvids

Tree



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CELASTRALES  

As of 2023, 47 species of Celastrales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 480 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY CELASTRACEAE
    • Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) - most iNat observations in the US for Celastrales, but is introduced
    • American Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens)
    • Strawberry Bush (Euonymus americanus) - most native iNat observations in the US for Celastrales
    • Eastern Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpurea) - 6 (Onondaga, Tallgrass Prairie)
    • Crucifixion Thorn (Canotia holacantha) - 9 (Higher elevations of Sonoran Desert) - Photosynthesis with twigs, not leaves
    • Grasses-of-Parnassus (Parnassia) - 6 (Mark Twain NF, RMNP)
  • FAMILY LEPIDOBOTRYACEAE
    • 2 species worldwide
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CUCURBITALES  

As of 2023, 93 species of Cucurbitales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 1,023 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY ANISOPHYLLEACEAE
  • FAMILY APODANTHACEAE
  • FAMILY BEGONIACEAE
    • Angelwing Begonia (Begonia sp.) - NOAH - Schoenberg Temperate House at MOBOT
  • FAMILY CORIARIACEAE
  • FAMILY CORYNOCARPACEAE
  • FAMILY CUCURBITACEAE
    • Chilicothe (Marah macrocarpa)
    • Cucurbita
      • Buffalo Gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima)
      • Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)
      • Squash (Cucurbita moschata)
    • Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
    • Cucumis
      • Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
      • Muskmelon (Cucumis melo)
    • Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    • Burr Cucumber (Sicyos angulatus) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY DATISCACEAE
  • FAMILY TETRAMELACEAE
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FABALES  

As of 2023, 1,745 species of Fabales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 10,640 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY FABACEAE
    • Clovers (Trifolium)
    • Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
    • Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus)
    • Yellowwood (Cladrastis kentukea) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Bird’s-Foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
    • Purple Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
    • Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata)
    • Vetches (Vicia)
    • Leadplants (Amorpha)
      • Ouachita Mountain Leadplant (Amorpha oachitensis) - Dry Streambed Garden at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
    • Perennial Pea/Sweet Pea (Lathyrus latifolius) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Food
      • Peas (Pisum sativum)
      • Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)
      • Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
  • FAMILY POLYGALACEAE
  • FAMILY QUILLAJACEAE
  • FAMILY SURIANACEAE
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FAGALES  

As of 2023, 303 species of Fagales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 892 throughout the world. Even with such comparatively low numbers, these include some of the most conspicuous species, such as oaks, hickories, beeches and walnuts.

  • FAMILY BETULACEAE
    • Birches (Betula) - Adirondacks, Great Smoky Mountains NP
      • Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
      • Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera)
      • River Birch (Betula nigra)
      • Sweet Birch (Betula lenta)
      • Gray Birch (Betula populifolia)
    • Common Alder (Alnus serrulata) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY CASUARINACEAE
    • Beefwood (Casuarina nana) - Shoenberg Temperate House at MOBOT
  • FAMILY FAGACEAE
    • American Beech (Fagus grandiflora) - Adirondacks, Great Smoky Mountains NP - the only Beech native to the US
    • Oaks (Quercus)
      • Red or Shumard Oak - Clinton Lake
      • Chinquapin Oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) - Clinton Lake
      • Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
      • White Oak (Quercus alba)
      • Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
      • Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
      • Southern Live Oak (Quercus virginiana)
      • Black Oak (Quercus velutina)
      • Willow Oak (Quercus phellos)
      • Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana)
      • Shumard Oak (Quercus shumardii)
    • American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY JUGLANDACEAE
    • Hickories (Carya) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
      • Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)
      • Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
      • Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis)
      • Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
      • Mockernut (Carya tomentosa)
    • Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY MYRICACEAE
    • Bayberry (Morella)
  • FAMILY NOTHOFAGACEAE
    • Southern Beech (Nothofagus) - Southern Hemisphere
  • FAMILY RHOIPTELEACEAE
  • FAMILY TICODENDRACEAE
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MALPIGHIALES  

As of 2023, 982 species of Malpighiales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 6,799 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY ACHARIACEAE
  • FAMILY BALANOPACEAE
  • FAMILY BONNETIACEAE
  • FAMILY CALOPHYLLACEAE
  • FAMILY CARYOCARACEAE
  • FAMILY CENTROPLACACEAE
  • FAMILY CHRYSOBALANACEAE
  • FAMILY CLUSIACEAE
    • Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) - Food (fruit)
  • FAMILY CTENOLOPHONACEAE
  • FAMILY DICHAPETALACEAE
  • FAMILY ELATINACEAE
  • FAMILY ERYTHROXYLACEAE
    • Coca (Erythroxylum)
  • FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE
    • Spurge (Euphorbia sp.)- Shoenberg Temperate House at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Snow-on-the-Prairie/Mountain (Euphorbia)
    • Firetails/Chenille Plant (Acalypha hispida) - Linnean House at MOBOT - NOAH
  • FAMILY EUPHRONIACEAE
  • FAMILY GOUPIACEAE
  • FAMILY HUMIRIACEAE
  • FAMILY HYPERICACEAE
    • Common St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) - 2 (Great Smoky Mountains NP), 6 (Kemper Garden at MOBOT)
  • FAMILY IRVINGIACEAE
  • FAMILY IXONANTHACEAE
  • FAMILY LACISTEMATACEAE
  • FAMILY LINACEAE
  • FAMILY LOPHOPYXIDACEAE
  • FAMILY MALPIGHIACEAE
    • Singapore Holly (Malpighia sp.) - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH
  • FAMILY OCHNACEAE
  • FAMILY PANDACEAE
  • FAMILY PASSIFLORACEAE
    • Passionflowers (Passiflora)
  • FAMILY PERACEAE
  • FAMILY PHYLLANTHACEAE
  • FAMILY PICRODENDRACEAE
  • FAMILY PODOSTEMACEAE
  • FAMILY PUTRANJIVACEAE
  • FAMILY RAFFLESIACEAE
  • FAMILY RHIZOPHORACEAE
    • American/Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH - the only true mangrove native to the US
  • FAMILY SALICACEAE
    • Poplars, Cottonwoods and Aspens (Populus)
      • Aspens (Populus tremuloides) (in Summer) - NOAH
      • Aspens (Populus tremuloides) (in Autumn) - NOAH
      • Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
    • Black Willow (Salix nigra) - Baker Wetlands, Great Smoky Mountains NP - NOAH
  • FAMILY TRIGONIACEAE
  • FAMILY VIOLACEAE
    • Violets (Viola)
      • Common Blue Violet (Viola sororia)
      • Pansies (Viola sp.) - Swift Family Garden and German Garden at MOBOT - NOAH
      • Roundleaf Yellow Violet (Viola rotundifolia) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
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OXALIDALES  

As of 2023, 51 species of Oxalidales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 822 throughout the world. All but about seven of the observations are from the genus Oxalis. The most commonly-observed species in the US is the Bermuda Buttercup (Oxalis pes-caprae), which was introduced, and can be found throughout the California Floristic Province. The most commonly-observed native species is the Violet Woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea), which is found over much of the Eastern US. All of the most commonly-observed native species of Oxalidales can be found in Trip 2 except the Redwood Sorrel.

  • FAMILY BRUNELLIACEAE
  • FAMILY CEPHALOTACEAE
  • FAMILY CONNARACEAE
  • FAMILY CUNONIACEAE
  • FAMILY ELAEOCARPACEAE
    • Quandongs/Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus)
  • FAMILY HUACEAE
  • FAMILY OXALIDACEAE
    • Violet Woodsorrel (Oxalis violacea)
    • Tree Oxalis (Oxalis ortgiesii) - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Redwood Sorrel (Oxalis oregana) - The second-most commonly-observed native species, found in the Pacific Northwest
    • Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) - Food, introduced
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ROSALES  

As of 2023, 895 species of Rosales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 4,464 throughout the world. The top two most-observed species of Rosales in the US, and five of the top ten, were introduced in the US.

  • FAMILY BARBEYACEAE
  • FAMILY CANNABACEAE
    • Hemp/Marijuana (Cannabis sativa)
    • Hops (Humulus spp.)
    • Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) - Clinton Lake, German Garden at MOBOT (huge specimen) - NOAH
  • FAMILY DIRACHMACEAE
  • FAMILY ELAEAGNACEAE
    • Olives (Elaeagnus) - most commonly-observed species in the US have been introduced
  • FAMILY MORACEAE
    • Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera)
    • Red Mulberry (Morus rubra) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Ficus sp. - Schoenberg Temperate House at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Dorstenia sp. - Climatron at MOBOT - NOAH
    • Banyan (Ficus sp.) - Climatron at MOBOT
  • FAMILY RHAMNACEAE
    • New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus) - NOAH - Heckman Rock Garden at MOBOT
  • FAMILY ROSACEAE
    • Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora) - most iNat observations in the US for Rosales. Introduced.
    • Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) - most native iNat observations in the US for Rosales.
    • Berries (Prunus) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
      • Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
      • Thimbleberry (Prunus parviflorus)
      • Black Raspberry (Prunus occidentalis)
      • Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
    • Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana)
    • Virginia Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana)
    • American Mountain-Ash (Sorbus americana) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Hawthorn (Crataegus sp.) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Smooth Shadbush (Amelanchier laevis) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
    • Shrubby Cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa) - Florissant Fossil Beds - NOAH
  • FAMILY ULMACEAE
    • Elms (Ulmus spp.) - Great Smoky Mountains NP
  • FAMILY URTICACEAE
    • Cecropia sp. - NOAH - Climatron at MOBOT
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ZYGOPHYLLALES  

As of 2023, 21 species of Zygophyllales have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 219 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY KRAMERIACEAE
    • Rhatanies (Krameria)
  • FAMILY ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
    • Creosote-Bush (Larrea tridentata) - By far, the most iNat observations in the US for Zygophyllales. Found in all of the Southwestern Deserts.
    • Caltrops (Kallstroemia)
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