Clown Knifefish   34-V
TELEOSTOMI
Teleostei
 
 
Clown Knifefish (Notopterus chitala)



Chapter Outline
  1. Description of Teleostomi
  2. Classification of Teleostomi
  3. Actinopterygii
  4. Neopterygii
  5. Teleostei
  6. Euteleosteomorpha
  7. Neoteleostei
  8. Acanthomorphata
  9. Euacanthomorphacea
  10. Percomorpharia
  11. Ovalentaria
  12. Sarcopterygii
  13. Paleo Teleostomi

Tree
NCBI Tree | Paleo Tree



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Teleostei splits into Elopocephalai and Osteoglossocephalai. There are four orders in Elopocephalai. Osteoglossocephalai splits into Osteoglossocephala and Clupeocephala. There are two orders in Osteoglossocephala. Clupeocephala splits into Otomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha. Euteleosteomorpha will be explored in the following pages. Otomorpha further splits into two orders plus Ostariophysi. Ostariophysi contains the order Gonorhynchiformes and the group Otophysa. Otophysa splits into the order Cypriniformes and the group Characiphysae, which contains three orders.
  • Teleostei
    • Elopocephalai
      • Elopocephala
        • Elopomorpha
          • Albuliformes - Bone Fishes
          • Anguilliformes - Eels
          • Notacanthiformes - Spiny Eels
          • Elopiformes - Tarpons
    • Osteoglossocephalai
      • Osteoglossocephala
        • Osteoglossomorpha
          • Hiodontiformes
          • Osteoglossiformes - Bonytongues, etc.
      • Clupeocephala (34-V-B)
        • Otomorpha
          • Alepocephaliformes
          • Clupeiformes - Herrings, etc.
          • Ostariophysi
            • Gonorhychiformes - Shellears, etc.
            • Otophysa
              • Cypriniformes - Suckers, etc.
              • Characiphysae (34-V-C)
                • Characiformes - Tetras, Piranhas, etc.
                • Gymnotiformes - Electric Eels, etc.
                • Siluriformes - Catfishes
        • Euteleosteomorpha (next page, 34-VI)
ALBULIFORMES  

The order of Bonefishes. As of 2024, 4 species of Albuliformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 12 throughout the world.

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ANGUILLIFORMES  

The order of Eels. As of 2024, 62 species of Anguilliformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 300 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY PROTOANGUILLIDAE -
    • Palauan Primitive Cave Eel (Protanguilla palau)
  • SUBORDER ANGUILLOIDEI
  • SUBORDER CONGROIDEI
    • FAMILY COLOCONGRIDAE - SHORTTAIL CONGER EELS
      • Colocongrids (Coloconger spp.)
    • FAMILY CONGRIDAE - CONGER EELS
      • Spotted Garden Eel (Heteroconger bassi) - 6 (KC & Omaha Zoos), 8 (Shedd)
    • FAMILY DERICHTHYIDAE - LONGNECK EELS
      • Longneck Eels (Derichthys spp.)
    • FAMILY MURAENESOCIDAE - PIKE CONGERS
      • Pike Conger (Cynoponticus sp.)
    • FAMILY NEMICHTHYIDAE - SNIPE EELS
      • Slender Snipe Eel (Nemichthys scolopaceus)
    • FAMILY NETTASTOMATIDAE - DUCKBILL EELS
      • Duckbill Eel (Leptocephalus sp.)
    • FAMILY OPHICHTHIDAE - SNAKE EELS
    • FAMILY SERRIVOMERIDAE - SAWTOOTH EELS
    • FAMILY SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE - CUTTHROAT EELS
  • SUBORDER MURAENOIDEI
    • FAMILY CHLOPSIDAE - FALSE MORAYS
      • False Morays -
    • FAMILY MURAENIDAE - MORAY EELS
      • Starry Moray (Echidna nebulosa) - 6 (Denver Zoo)
      • Honeycomb Moray (Gymnothorax favagineus) - 6 (KC & Omaha Zoos)
      • Green Moray Eel (Gymnothorax funebris) - Florida Keys
      • Whitemouth Moray (Gymnothorax meleagris) - most iNat observations in the US for suborder Muraenoidei - 12 (Hawaii)
      • California Moray Eel (Gymnothorax mordax) - 6 (KC & Omaha Zoos), 7 (Monterey Bay Aquarium), 8 (Shedd)
      • Zebra Moray (Gymnomuraena zebra) - Monterey Bay Aquarium
    • FAMILY MYROCONGRIDAE
      • Red Eel (Myroconger spp.)
  • SUBORDER SACCOPHARYNGOIDEI
    • FAMILY CYEMATIDAE - BOBTAIL SNIPE EELS
    • FAMILY EURYPHARYNGIDAE - GULPERS
      • Gulper Eel (Eurypharynx pelecanoides)
    • FAMILY MONOGNATHIDAE - ONEJAWS
    • FAMILY SACCOPHARYNGIDAE - SWALLOWERS
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NOTACANTHIFORMES  

The order of Spiny Eels. As of 2024, 0 species of Notacanthiformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 8 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY HALOSAURIDAE
    • Halosaurs (Halosaurus sp.)
  • FAMILY NOTACANTHIDAE
    • Spiny Eels (Notacanthus spp.) - (Worldwide Deep Sea, depths of 125-2500m, temperate zones)
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ELOPIFORMES  

The order of Tarpons and Tenpounders. As of 2024, 3 species of Elopiformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 8 throughout the world.

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HIODONTIFORMES  

The order of Mooneyes. As of 2024, 2 species of Hiodontiformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 2 throughout the world. Mooneyes are endemic to North America, found predominantly in the Mississippi River basin and the Great Lakes watershed.

  • FAMILY HIODONTIDAE - MOONEYES
    • Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) - 6 (Missouri, Kansas and Platte Rivers)
    • Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus) - 8 (Madison and Wisconsin Dells, WI area)
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OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES  

The order of Bonytongues. As of 2024, just one species of Osteoglossiformes has been observed in iNaturalist in the US and it was introduced into South Florida. 79 species have been observed throughout the world.

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ALEPOCEPHALIFORMES  

The order of Slickheads and Tubeshoulders. As of 2024, 0 species of Alepocephaliformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 19 throughout the world.

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CLUPEIFORMES  

The order of Herrings. As of 2024, 32 species of Clupeiformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 158 throughout the world.

  • FAMILY CHIROCENTRIDAE
  • FAMILY CLUPEIDAE - HERRINGS, SHADS
    • Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) - most iNat observations in the US for Clupeiformes
    • Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) - 8 (Lake Michigan)
    • Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus)
    • Skipjack Herring (Alosa chrysochloris)
    • Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus)
  • FAMILY DENTICIPITIDAE
  • FAMILY ENGRAULIDAE - TRIP 2
    • Common Anchovies (Anchoa spp.) - 2 (Florida Keys)
    • Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax)
  • FAMILY PRISTIGASTERIDAE
  • FAMILY SUNDASALANGIDAE - SUNDALAND NOODLEFISHES
    • Dwarf Noodlefish (Sundasalanx praecox)
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GONORYNCHIFORMES  

The order of Milkfishes. As of 2024, 1 species of Gonorhychiformes has been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 10 throughout the world.

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CYPRINIFORMES  

The order of Minnows and allies. As of 2024, 343 species of Cypriniformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 1,484 throughout the world.

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CHARACIFORMES  

The order of Characins. As of 2024, 5 species of Characiformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US (3 introduced) and 593 throughout the world.

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GYMNOTIFORMES  

The order of Neotropical Knifefishes. As of 2024, 0 species of Gymnotiformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 61 throughout the world, all in South and lower Central America.

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SILURIFORMES - CATFISHES  

The order of Catfishes. As of 2024, 51 species of Siluriformes have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 944 throughout the world.

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