28-V PROTOSTOMIA Mollusca	Select Chapter/Biodiversity Tree Home Biodiversity Tree 1. Physics 2. Chemistry 3. Astronomy 4. Geology 5. Cell Structure 6. Molecular Biology 7. Photosynthesis and Respiration 8. Molecular Genetics 9. Mitosis and Meiosis 10. Mendelian Genetics 11. Populations 12. Communities 13. Ecosystems 14. Evidence of Evolution 15. Theory and Process of Evolution 16. Classification Systems 17. Prokaryotes 18. Eukaryota 19. Viridiplantae (Plants) 20. Embryophyta 21. Tracheophyta 22. Spermatophyta 23. Magnoliophyta 24. Fungi 25. Metazoa (Animals) 26. Eumetazoa 27. Bilateria 28. Coelomata 29. Arthropoda 30. Insecta 31. Deuterostomia 32. Chordata 33. Vertebrata 34. Teleostomi 35. Tetrapoda 36. Sauroposida 37. Aves 38. Mammals 39. Western/Coniferous Forests 40. Taiga (Northern Forests) 41. Eastern/Deciduous Forests 42. Tropical Forests 43. Deserts 44. Polar Environments 45. Tundra 46. Grasslands 47. Wetlands 48. Freshwater Environments 49. Estuaries 50. Marine Environments 51. Extreme Environments
	Snails are one of the types of mollusks that can survive on land. Chapter Outline Description of Protostomia Classification of Protostomia Lophotrochozoa Annelida Mollusca Gnathifera Ecdysozoa Panarthropoda Sources Links to external sites will appear in pop-up windows.			There are three major classes of mollusks: gastropods such as snails, cephalopods such as squids and bivalves such as clams. There are also four minor classes. Protostomia Spiralia Lophotrochozoa (28-III) Mesozoa Dicyemida - Rhombozoans Orthonectida - Orthonectids Platyhelminthes - Flatworms Nemertea - Ribbon Worms Annelida - Segmented Worms (28-IV) Phoronida - Horseshoe Worms Brachiopoda - Lampshells Mollusca - Molluscs (28-V) Bivalvia Gastropoda Cephalopoda Scaphopoda Polyplacophora Aplacophora Monoplacophora Bryozoa - Bryozoans Entoprocta - Entoprocts Cycliophora - Symbion pandora Gastrotricha - Gastrotrichs Acanthocephala - Thorny-Headed Worms Gnathifera (28-VI) Rotifera - Rotifers Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Chaetognatha - Arrow Worms Ecdysozoa (28-VII) Nematoda - Roundworms Nematomorpha - Horsehair Worms Scalidophora Kinorhyncha - Spiny-Headed Worms Loricifera - Loriciferans Priapulida - Priapulid Worms Panarthropoda (28-VIII) Tardigrada - Tardigrades (Water Bears) Onychophora - Velvet Worms Arthropoda (Ch. 29) >>> (Arthropods) Resources: Great Smoky Mountains National Park Mollusk Checklist Mollusca - "Shape of Life" series by PBS List of edible molluscs - Wikipedia Monterey Bay Aquarium - Giant Clam, Mussels, Giant Octopus, Red Octopus, Chambered Nautilus, Cuttlefish, Common Market Squid BIVALVIA   Bivalves are organisms such as clams, mussels, oysters and scallops. As of 2024, 728 species of Bivalves have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 2,376 throughout the world. SUBCLASS AUTOBRANCHIA HETEROCONCHIA SUPERORDER ARCHIHETERODONTA ORDER CARDITIDA FAMILY CARDITIDAE Broad-Ribbed Cardita (Cardites floridanus) INFRACLASS EUHETERODONTA ANOMALODESMATA FAMILY PANDORIDAE Sandy Pandora (Pandora arenosa) IMPARIDENTIA ORDER ADAPEDONTA FAMILY PHARIDAE Atlantic Jackknife (Ensis leei) ORDER GALEOMMATIDA ORDER GASTROCHAENIDA ORDER LUCINIDA NEOHETERODONTEI ORDER CARDIIDA FAMILY CARDIIDAE Giant Clam (Tridacna gigas) - 6 (Aquarium at Omaha Zoo) Giant Atlantic Cockle (Dinocardium robustum) ORDER MYIDA FAMILY MYIDAE Truncate Softshell Clam (Mya truncata) FAMILY DREISSENIDAE Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) - Perry Lake, KS - Introduced and invasive ORDER VENERIDA FAMILY CYRENIDAE Golden/Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) - most iNat observations in US for Bivalvia. Introduced. FAMILY MACTRIDAE West Atlantic Surfclam (Spisula solidissima) FAMILY VENERIDAE Northern Quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria) SUPERORDER PALAEOHETERODONTA ORDER TRIGONIIDA ORDER UNIONIDA FAMILY UNIONIDAE Pink Papershell (Potamilus ohiensis) - Perry Lake - NOAH IUCN Map Floater Mussel (Pyganodon grandis) - Kansas Washboard (Megalonaias nervosa) - Kansas Pistolgrip (Tritogonia verrucosa) - Kansas Quadrula spp. - Kansas Threeridge (Amblema plicata) - Kansas Wabash Pigtoe (Fusconaia flava) - Kansas Round Pigtoe (Pleurobema sintoxia) - Kansas Spike (Elliptio dilatata) - Kansas Pondhorn (Uniomerus tetralasmus) - Kansas Paper Pondshell (Utterbackia imbecillis) - Kansas Cylindrical Papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus) - Kansas Creeper (Strophitus undulatus) - Kansas Plain Pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) - Kansas Pondmussel (Ligumia subrostrata) - Kansas PTERIOMORPHIA ORDER ARCOIDA FAMILY ARCIDAE Blood Ark (Lunarca ovalis) ORDER LIMOIDA File Clams ORDER MYTILIDA FAMILY MYTILIDAE California Mussel (Mytilus californianus) - Ecola SP, OR Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Atlantic Ribbed Mussel (Geukensia demissa) ORDER OSTREIDA FAMILY OSTREIDAE Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) - Chesapeake Bay - YOUTUBE ORDER PECTINIDA FAMILY PECTINIDAE Giant Rock Scallop (Crassadoma gigantea) ORDER PTERIOIDA FAMILY PTERIIDAE Atlantic Winged Oyster (Pteria colymbus) SUBCLASS PROTOBRANCHIA ORDER NUCULANIDA FAMILY YOLDIIDAE Cooper's Yoldia (Yoldia cooperii) ORDER NUCULIDA FAMILY NUCULIDAE Atlantic Nut Clam (Nucula proxima) ORDER SOLEMYIDA FAMILY SOLEMYIDAE Atlantic Awning Clam (Solemya velum) References: Oysters - U. of Maryland Common Ground: Saving the Chesapeake's Oysters (YouTube, 26:47) - Chesapeake Bay Foundation Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water (YouTube, 0:43) - Chesapeake Bay Foundation Unionid Mussels in Kansas - Great Plains Nature Center GASTROPODA   Gastropoda is the class of Mollusks containing snails, slugs, limpets, nudibranches and more. As of 2024, 2,577 species of Gastropoda have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 12,212 throughout the world. It is the largest class of Mollusks. SUBCLASS CAENOGASTROPODA ORDER ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA ORDER LITTORINIMORPHA ORDER NEOGASTROPODA Striped Dogwinkle (Nucella ostrina) - Ecola SP, OR SORBEOCONCHA SUBCLASS COCCULINIFORMIA SUBCLASS HETEROBRANCHIA LOWER HETEROBRANCHIA EUTHYNEURA EUOPISTHOBRANCHIA NUDIPLEURA ORDER NUDIBRANCHIA Dendronotus - FLKR Colga minichevi - FLKR Colga pacifica - FLKR Dirona pellucida - FLKR Melicertum octocostatum - FLKR Dendronotus niveus - FLKR Tochuina tetraquetra - FLKR ORDER PLEUROBRANCHIDA PANPULMONATA ORDER ACOCHLIDIACEA ORDER SIPHONARIIDA HYGROPHILA SACOGLOSSA EUPULMONATA ORDER ELLOBIIDA ORDER STYLOMMATOPHORA HELICINA SUPERFAMILY ARIONOIDEA FAMILY ARIONIDAE Pacific Banana Slug (Ariolimax columbianus) - most native iNat observations in the US for Gastropoda Arion Slug (Arion) - 3 (Adirondacks) SUPERFAMILY CAMAENOIDEA FAMILY CAMAENIDAE Land Snail (Zachrysia sp.?) - NOAH SUPERFAMILY HELICOIDEA FAMILY HELICIDAE Garden Snail (Cornu aspersum) - most iNat observations in the US for Gastropoda. Introduced. SUPERFAMILY LIMACOIDEA FAMILY LIMACIDAE Leopard Slug (Limax maximus) - Douglas County, KS SUPERFAMILY POLYGYROIDEA FAMILY POLYGYRIDAE White-Lip Globe Snail (Mesodon thyroidus) - Clinton Lake, KS ORTHURETHRA ORDER SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA TECTIPLEURA ORDER APLYSIIDA ORDER CEPHALASPIDEA Philinopsis depicta - FLKR PTEROPODA Clione limacina - FLKR Limacina helicina - FLKR RUNCINACEA UMBRACULIDA SUBCLASS NEOMPHALINA SUBCLASS NERITIMORPHA SUBCLASS PATELLOGASTROPODA Limpet - Ecola SP, OR SUBCLASS VETIGASTROPODA ORDER LEPETELLIDA Abalones (Haliotis spp.) ORDER PLEUROTOMARIIDA ORDER SEGUENZIIDA ORDER TROCHIDA References: Terrestrial Mollusc Tool (only snails) - University of Florida A Guide for Terrestrial Gastropod Identification - American Malacological Society Jeff's Nudibranch Site and Coral Reef Gallery CEPHALOPODA   Cephalopoda is the class of Octopuses, Squids and Cuttlefishes. This class contains, possibly, the most intelligent of all invertebrates. As of 2024, 50 species of Cephalopoda have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 255 throughout the world. SUBCLASS NAUTILOIDEA ORDER NAUTILIDA SUBCLASS COLEOIDEA DECAPODIFORMES ORDER MYOPSIDA ORDER OEGOPSIDA ORDER SEPIIDA Dwarf Cuttlefish (Sepia bandensis) - 6 (Aquarium at Omaha Zoo) ORDER SPIRULIDA ORDER TEUTHIDA OCTOPODIFORMES ORDER OCTOPODA Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) - 6 (KC and Omaha Zoos), 8 (Shedd) Lesser Two-Spot Octopus (Octopus bimaculoides) - most iNat observations in the US for Cephalopoda - 7 (Monterey Bay) ORDER VAMPYROMORPHA References: The Cephalopod Page. James B. Wood. Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada. http://is.dal.ca/~ceph/TCP/. March, 2002. In Search of Giant Squid. Gene Carl Feldman. NASA. http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/squid_expedition.html. February-March, 1999. Kaikura. Thomas B. Allen. National Geographic Society. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/97/kaikoura/. 1997. SCAPHOPODA   Scaphopoda is the class of Tusk Shells. As of 2024, 9 species of Scaphopoda have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 29 throughout the world. Ivory Tusk Shell (Graptacme eborea) - most iNat observations in the US for Scaphopoda References: POLYPLACOPHORA   This is the class of Chitons. As of 2024, 77 species of Polyplacophora have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 312 throughout the world. Gumboot Chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri) - most iNat observations in the US for Polyplacophora Mossy Chiton (Mopalia muscosa) - most iNat observations in the world for Polyplacophora - 6 (KC Zoo) References: APLACOPHORA   This is the class of Solenogasters. Known as "Solenogstres" in iNaturalist, as of 2024, 0 species of Aplacophora have been observed in the US and only 5 throughout the world. Solenogaster (Epimenia babai) - most iNat observations in the world for Aplacophora Resources: MONOPLACOPHORA   This is the class of Monoplacophorans. As of 2024, only 1 observation of an organism in this class has been observed in iNaturalist in the world. Monoplacophoran (Micropilina minuta) - only iNat observation in the world for Monoplacophora References: Monoplacophora - EOL [ Previous Page ] [ Next Page ]