Experiencing Life - Coelomata

28-V
PROTOSTOMIA
Mollusca

Snails are one of the types of mollusks that can survive on land.
[© Scott Ellsworth]

Chapter Outline

Sources

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There are three major classes of mollusks: gastropods such as snails, cephalopods such as squids and bivalves such as clams. There are also four minor classes.

Links:

Great Smoky Mountains National Park Mollusk Checklist
Mollusca - "Shape of Life" series by PBS
List of edible molluscs - Wikipedia
Monterey Bay Aquarium - Giant Clam, Mussels, Giant Octopus, Red Octopus, Chambered Nautilus, Cuttlefish, Common Market Squid

BIVALVIA

Bivalves are organisms such as clams, mussels, oysters and scallops.

As of 2024, 728 species of Bivalves have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 2,376 throughout the world.

Organisms:

SUBCLASS AUTOBRANCHIA

HETEROCONCHIA
- SUPERORDER ARCHIHETERODONTA
  - ORDER CARDITIDA
    - FAMILY CARDITIDAE
      - Broad-Ribbed Cardita (Cardites floridanus)
- INFRACLASS EUHETERODONTA
  - ANOMALODESMATA
    - FAMILY PANDORIDAE
      - Sandy Pandora (Pandora arenosa)
  - IMPARIDENTIA
    - ORDER ADAPEDONTA
      - FAMILY PHARIDAE
        
        Atlantic Jackknife (Ensis leei)
    - ORDER GALEOMMATIDA
    - ORDER GASTROCHAENIDA
    - ORDER LUCINIDA
    - NEOHETERODONTEI
      - ORDER CARDIIDA
        
        FAMILY CARDIIDAE
        
        Giant Clam (Tridacna gigas) - 6 (Aquarium at Omaha Zoo)
        Giant Atlantic Cockle (Dinocardium robustum)
      - ORDER MYIDA
        
        FAMILY MYIDAE
        
        Truncate Softshell Clam (Mya truncata)
        
        FAMILY DREISSENIDAE
        
        Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) - Perry Lake, KS - Introduced and invasive
      - ORDER VENERIDA
        
        FAMILY CYRENIDAE
        
        Golden/Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) - most iNat observations in US for Bivalvia. Introduced.
        
        FAMILY MACTRIDAE
        
        West Atlantic Surfclam (Spisula solidissima)
        
        FAMILY VENERIDAE
        
        Northern Quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria)
- SUPERORDER PALAEOHETERODONTA
  - ORDER TRIGONIIDA
  - ORDER UNIONIDA
    - FAMILY UNIONIDAE
      - Pink Papershell (Potamilus ohiensis) - Perry Lake - NOAH IUCN Map
      - Floater Mussel (Pyganodon grandis) - Kansas
      - Washboard (Megalonaias nervosa) - Kansas
      - Pistolgrip (Tritogonia verrucosa) - Kansas
      - Quadrula spp. - Kansas
      - Threeridge (Amblema plicata) - Kansas
      - Wabash Pigtoe (Fusconaia flava) - Kansas
      - Round Pigtoe (Pleurobema sintoxia) - Kansas
      - Spike (Elliptio dilatata) - Kansas
      - Pondhorn (Uniomerus tetralasmus) - Kansas
      - Paper Pondshell (Utterbackia imbecillis) - Kansas
      - Cylindrical Papershell (Anodontoides ferussacianus) - Kansas
      - Creeper (Strophitus undulatus) - Kansas
      - Plain Pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) - Kansas
      - Pondmussel (Ligumia subrostrata) - Kansas
PTERIOMORPHIA
- ORDER ARCOIDA
  - FAMILY ARCIDAE
    - Blood Ark (Lunarca ovalis)
- ORDER LIMOIDA
  - File Clams
- ORDER MYTILIDA
  - FAMILY MYTILIDAE
    - California Mussel (Mytilus californianus) - Ecola SP, OR
    - Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis)
    - Atlantic Ribbed Mussel (Geukensia demissa)
- ORDER OSTREIDA
  - FAMILY OSTREIDAE
    - Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) - Chesapeake Bay - YOUTUBE
- ORDER PECTINIDA
  - FAMILY PECTINIDAE
    - Giant Rock Scallop (Crassadoma gigantea)
- ORDER PTERIOIDA
  - FAMILY PTERIIDAE
    - Atlantic Winged Oyster (Pteria colymbus)

SUBCLASS PROTOBRANCHIA

ORDER NUCULANIDA
- FAMILY YOLDIIDAE
  - Cooper's Yoldia (Yoldia cooperii)
ORDER NUCULIDA
- FAMILY NUCULIDAE
  - Atlantic Nut Clam (Nucula proxima)
ORDER SOLEMYIDA
- FAMILY SOLEMYIDAE
  - Atlantic Awning Clam (Solemya velum)

References:

Oysters - U. of Maryland
Common Ground: Saving the Chesapeake's Oysters (YouTube, 26:47) - Chesapeake Bay Foundation
Time-lapse: Oysters Filtering Water (YouTube, 0:43) - Chesapeake Bay Foundation
Unionid Mussels in Kansas - Great Plains Nature Center

GASTROPODA

TEXT

Organisms:

SUBCLASS CAENOGASTROPODA

ORDER ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA
ORDER LITTORINIMORPHA
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA
- Striped Dogwinkle (Nucella ostrina) - Ecola SP, OR
SORBEOCONCHA

SUBCLASS COCCULINIFORMIA

SUBCLASS HETEROBRANCHIA

LOWER HETEROBRANCHIA
EUTHYNEURA
- EUOPISTHOBRANCHIA
- NUDIPLEURA
  - ORDER NUDIBRANCHIA
    - Dendronotus - FLKR
    - Colga minichevi - FLKR
    - Colga pacifica - FLKR
    - Dirona pellucida - FLKR
    - Melicertum octocostatum - FLKR
    - Dendronotus niveus - FLKR
    - Tochuina tetraquetra - FLKR
  - ORDER PLEUROBRANCHIDA
- PANPULMONATA
  - ORDER ACOCHLIDIACEA
  - ORDER SIPHONARIIDA
  - HYGROPHILA
  - SACOGLOSSA
  - EUPULMONATA
    - ORDER ELLOBIIDA
    - ORDER STYLOMMATOPHORA
      - Land Snail (Zachrysia sp.?) - NOAH
      - Arion Slug (Arion) - 3 (Adirondacks)
      - Leopard Slug (Limax maximus) - Douglas County, KS
      - White-Lip Globe Snail (Mesodon thyroidus) - Clinton Lake, KS
    - ORDER SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA
- TECTIPLEURA
  - ORDER APLYSIIDA
  - ORDER CEPHALASPIDEA
    - Philinopsis depicta - FLKR
  - PTEROPODA
    - Clione limacina - FLKR
    - Limacina helicina - FLKR
  - RUNCINACEA
  - UMBRACULIDA

SUBCLASS NEOMPHALINA

SUBCLASS NERITIMORPHA

SUBCLASS PATELLOGASTROPODA

Limpet - Ecola SP, OR

SUBCLASS VETIGASTROPODA

ORDER LEPETELLIDA
- Abalones (Haliotis spp.)
ORDER PLEUROTOMARIIDA
ORDER SEGUENZIIDA
ORDER TROCHIDA

References:

Terrestrial Mollusc Tool (only snails) - University of Florida
A Guide for Terrestrial Gastropod Identification - American Malacological Society
Jeff's Nudibranch Site and Coral Reef Gallery

CEPHALOPODA

TEXT

Organisms:

SUBCLASS NAUTILOIDEA

ORDER NAUTILIDA

SUBCLASS COLEOIDEA

DECAPODIFORMES
- ORDER MYOPSIDA
- ORDER OEGOPSIDA
- ORDER SEPIIDA
  - Dwarf Cuttlefish (Sepia bandensis) - 6 (Aquarium at Omaha Zoo)
- ORDER SPIRULIDA
- ORDER TEUTHIDA
OCTOPODIFORMES
- ORDER OCTOPODA
  - Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)
- ORDER VAMPYROMORPHA

References:

The Cephalopod Page. James B. Wood. Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada. http://is.dal.ca/~ceph/TCP/. March, 2002.
In Search of Giant Squid. Gene Carl Feldman. NASA. http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/squid_expedition.html. February-March, 1999.
Kaikura. Thomas B. Allen. National Geographic Society. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/97/kaikoura/. 1997.

SCAPHOPODA

Tusk Shells...

Organisms:

Occidental Tuskshell (Antalis entalis) - EOL

References:

POLYPLACOPHORA

Chitons...

Organisms:

Chiton (Tonicella lokii) - EOL

References:

APLACOPHORA

Solenogasters...

Organisms:

Solenogasters - EOL

Resources:

MONOPLACOPHORA

TEXT

Organisms:

References:

Monoplacophora - EOL

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