Experiencing Life - Coelomata

28-IV
PROTOSTOMIA
Annelida

Christmas Tree Worm (Spirobranchus giganteus). Sometimes, worms don't quite look like worms at first glance!
[© callieoldfield]

Chapter Outline

Sources

Links to external sites will appear in pop-up windows.

The Pacific Northwest is one of the "worm-richest" areas in the nation.

The largest worm species on earth is an Australian worm that can reach 11-feet in length. [Sierra. March/April 2003. p. 59]

Protostomia
- Spiralia
  - Lophotrochozoa (28-III)
    - Mesozoa
      - Dicyemida - Rhombozoans
      - Orthonectida - Orthonectids
    - Platyhelminthes - Flatworms
    - Nemertea - Ribbon Worms
    - Annelida - Segmented Worms (28-IV)
      - Clitellata
      - Polychaeta
      - Sipuncula
      - Myzostomida
    - Phoronida - Horseshoe Worms
    - Brachiopoda - Lampshells
    - Mollusca - Molluscs (28-V)
    - Bryozoa - Bryozoans
    - Entoprocta - Entoprocts
    - Cycliophora - Symbion pandora
    - Gastrotricha - Gastrotrichs
    - Acanthocephala - Thorny-Headed Worms
  - Gnathifera (28-VI)
    - Rotifera - Rotifers
    - Gnathostomulida
    - Micrognathozoa
    - Chaetognatha - Arrow Worms
- Ecdysozoa (28-VII)
  - Nematoda - Roundworms
  - Nematomorpha - Horsehair Worms
  - Scalidophora
    - Kinorhyncha - Spiny-Headed Worms
    - Loricifera - Loriciferans
    - Priapulida - Priapulid Worms
  - Panarthropoda (28-VIII)
    - Tardigrada - Tardigrades (Water Bears)
    - Onychophora - Velvet Worms
    - Arthropoda (Ch. 29) >>> (Arthropods)

Resources:
Annelida - "Shape of Life" series by PBS
Aquatic Oligochaeta of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Sipunculida - Seashore Life in Singapore
Sipunculida (Peanut Worms) - California Academy of Sciences
Urechis caupo (Echiura) Research - David Julian
Urechis caupo - Jeffrey R. Judd
Immunohistochemical analysis (cLSM) of the development and organization of the nervous system in Echiura - Rene Hessling
"Native Earthworms of the Pacific Northwest". William Fender. 1995.
Megadrilogica [worm journal]
Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America

CLITELLATA

This is the class of "Collared" Worms. These worms have a clitellum, which aids in reproduction. This structure is apparent on the common earthworm.

As of 2024, 82 species of Clitellata have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 258 throughout the world.

SUBCLASS HIRUDINIDA

ORDER ACANTHOBDELLIDA
- Acanthobdella peledina
ORDER ARHYNCHOBDELLIDA
- North American Medicinal Leech (Macrobdella decora)
- European Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis)
ORDER BRANCHIOBDELLIDA
- Branchiobdella parasita
ORDER RHYNCHOBDELLIDA
- Smooth Turtle Leech (Placobdella parasitica) - most native iNat observations in the US for Clitellata

SUBCLASS OLIGOCHAETA

ORDER ALLUROIDIDA
ORDER CAPILLOVENTRIDA
ORDER CRASSICLITELLATA
ORDER ENCHYTRAEIDA
ORDER HAPLOTAXIDA
- Common Earthworm/Nightcrawler (Lumbricus terrestris) - most iNat observations in the US for Clitellata. Introduced.
- Oregon Giant Earthworm (Driloleirus macelfreshi)
ORDER LUMBRICULIDA
- Lumbriculus variegatus
ORDER MONILIGASTRIDA
ORDER PARVIDRILIDA
ORDER RANDIELLIDA
ORDER TUBIFICIDA

Resources:

POLYCHAETA

This is the class of Bristle Worms or Polychaetes. As of 2024, 239 species of Polychaeta have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 635 throughout the world.

SUBCLASS ECHIURA
- ORDER ECHIUROINEA
  - Green Spoonworm (Bonellia viridis)
- ORDER XENOPNEUSTA
  - Fat Inkeeper Worm (Urechis caupo) - Monterey Bay Aquarium
SUBCLASS ERRANTIA
- ORDER EUNICIDA
- ORDER PHYLLODOCIDA
SUBCLASS SEDENTARIA
- INFRACLASS CANALIPALPATA
  - ORDER FLABELLIGERIDA
  - ORDER SABELLIDA
    - FAMILY SABELLARIIDAE
      - California Sandcastle Worm (Phragmatopoma californica) - most iNat observations in the US for Polychaeta
    - FAMILY SERPULIDAE
      - California Christmas Tree Worm (Spirobranchus spinosus)
    - FAMILY SIBOGLINIDAE
      - Hydrothermal Vent Worm (Riftia pachyptila)
  - ORDER SPIONIDA
  - ORDER TEREBELLIDA
    - SUBORDER TEREBELLIFORMIA
      - FAMILY TEREBELLIDAE
        
        Reteterebella - FLKR
- INFRACLASS SCOLECIDA

Resources:

SIPUNCULA

This is the class of Peanut Worms. As of 2024, 9 species of Sipuncula have been observed in iNaturalist in the US and 24 throughout the world.

INFRACLASS PHASCOLOSOMATIDEA
- ORDER ASPIDOSIPHONIFORMES
  - Aspidosiphon spp.
- ORDER PHASCOLOSOMATIFORMES
  - Pacific Peanut Worm (Phascolosoma agassizii) - most iNat observations in the US for Sipuncula
  - Antillesoma antillarum
INFRACLASS SIPUNCULIDEA
- ORDER GOLFINGIIDA
  - Peanut Worm (Sipunculus nudus) - only one observation in iNaturalist as of 2024

Resources:

MYZOSTOMIDA

This is the order of Echinoderm-Parasitic Worms. As of 2024, just one species of Myzostomida has been observed in iNaturalist throughout the world.

Featherstar Worm (Myzostoma fuscomaculatum) - only iNat observations in the world for Myzostomida

Resources:

[ Previous Page ]

[ Next Page ]